The most reliable approach for both experts and non-experts is as follows:
– Start with the OBD reader. There are almost no bad-running conditions that will not throw a fault code on a modern engine. Even if the Check engine Light is not lit, you can have stored codes. Anything that results in misfires or rough running will set a fault code.
– Get a copy of the Factory Shop Manual and look up the section in it that corresponds to your stored faults, This will be in a separate Diagnostic section or in the section with the engine computer (ECU) or fuel system, or Engine-Electric section.
– The shop manual will have a step-by-step procedure for diagnosing every error code, and usually all it requires is a Volt-Ohm meter.